Creative Brief On Target Audience - 1651 Words

Creative Brief Target Audience/Player Hardcore Gamer Target Purchaser: Hardcore Gamer Lead/Primary Platform: Xbox One/PS4 Anticipated Rating: MA15+/R18+ The X Statement: Play as the unknown hero in a dark fantasy open world single player experience, brutal 3rd person combat for the serious gamer. Executive Summary A once rich land of castles, keeps and townships has been torn apart when a rift to an unknown place brings forth a dark force that wants only to ravage the world. Nearly all is lost. A warrior must step forth if there is any hope for survival. After the loss of his home and family our hero has nothing left to lose and must build his skills and reputation to avenge all he has lost in a ravaged landscape full of death and destruction. With difficult combat that rewards the player with an overwhelming sense of achievement in a world that brings a vision of dread and foreboding to the user that echoes the ravaged world our hero is trying to save. Primary Design Goals †¢ Single Player - A fully focused engrossing single player quest system. †¢ Accomplishment - Player to experience exhilarating sense of achievement. †¢ Replay ability - the content of the game to support repeat play options. Secondary Design Goals †¢ Action – heart pounding fast strategic combat †¢ Inventory – involving weapons and armour and consumables to find. †¢ Dark Intense – player to have sense of foreboding of what is behind the next door This game is not: †¢ A MultiplayerShow MoreRelatedMarketing and Overall Communications Objectives963 Words   |  4 Pagesoverall goals. The Marketing Communications objectives should also be bereft of any mention of raising sales. Instead, they should be focused on actual communication objectives, such as â€Å"increase web traffic by 20%,† or â€Å"reach 15% of the target market in the first month.† 3.0 Situation Analysis The situation analysis is the point in the document where you should discuss the initial research findings that will guide your recommendations. OnlyRead MoreDeveloping A Schedule. Where Do You Begin To Prepare Your1552 Words   |  7 Pagesadvertising schedule? The best point of reference is the creative or advertising brief. Here, you will be given a direction on how long the campaign should run for, when it should begin and when it should end, along with other relevant information. You may choose to run it over days, weeks, months or even years. Regardless of which option you select, the length and timing of the campaign will be determined by the targets set by the original brief and the budget. If there is any doubt about how longRead MoreDevelop A Media Plan Task 1 Essay examples731 Words   |  3 Pagesof the target audience †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Consumer profile†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Analysis marketing factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Creative requirement of the advertising message†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Product merchandising requirements†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Identify any relevant local national or international legislations standards†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Develop a media plan Introduction I am going to define the EYWA company media requirements. And as well as identifying target audience and consumerRead MoreEssay on Promotional Mix1255 Words   |  6 PagesUNIT 9: Creative Product Promotion You are on work experience with large marketing consultant and have been asked to investigate some marketing/promotion situations as part of a research project they are working on. Carry out the following tasks for them and present your research in a professional report Task 1 (P1) Describe the promotional mix used by two selected organisations for a selected product/service. Use a high street retailer of your choice and a business of your choice,Read MoreVodafone Promotional Campaign1650 Words   |  7 PagesVodafone - iPhone 5 Promotional Campaign Campaign brief: Background: Regarded as one of the world’s largest telecommunications company, Vodafone wants to massively promote the brand new iPhone 5 they are selling along with its highly beneficial packages. Although Apple’s latest creation is not exclusive for Vodafone, their pricing plans are just irresistible and most recommended. Objectives: The board of directors at Vodafone are hoping that the promotional campaign CRM Marketing produce andRead MoreThe Impact Of Advertising On Marketing And Business861 Words   |  4 Pagesfrequency and engage with the target market. Different media options can help a campaign meet its goals, therefore it is important for a market to select the appropriate advertising medium to use. â€Å"The creation of the advertising begins when an agency formulates a creative strategy, which gives the advertising creative the direction and inspiration they need to begin the creative process.† (Solomon, Marshall, and Stuart 416) In order to create a successful creative strategy, the business must chooseRead MoreCreative Brief of Ballys Gym1733 Words   |  7 PagesCreative Brief- Radio For Bally Total Fitness our intended advertising strategy is to appeal to young men and women aged 18-25. We would like to reach them through various channels by appealing to their emotions. We feel that by evoking such emotion will encourage each potential customer to take action. With our radio commercial, we want to reach out to those who believe that working out is like a chore. Also we want to let them know about the support system that Bally has to offer. Most peopleRead MoreVideo Marketing : Making Your Business Thrive1476 Words   |  6 PagesSETTING UP A VIDEO MARKETING BRIEF TO MAKE YOUR BUSINESS THRIVE. Including video marketing content on your site can be the difference between a bland, generic page and a vibrant interface attracting tonnes of traffic. As a powerful medium of communication and salesmanship, videos tell a story that words may not. Their amalgamation of sounds and visuals may help deepen the bond between brands and their audience. With video, you can depict the strength of your campaigns, new ideas and innovative ideasRead MoreDigital Marketing Plan Template Essay1438 Words   |  6 PagesDigital Marketing campaign template about this template We’ve created this template to help marketers plan a campaign and also brief colleagues and agencies in a way which really integrates digital marketing into their campaigns. Agencies may find it useful for reviewing their campaign processes. We also hope it will help prompt you to think of different ways of integrating new digital marketing approaches into your campaigns. It’s created by Dave Chaffey and Danyl Bosomworth of the digitalRead MoreAssignment Brief Unit 9 Creative Product Promotion 1 1465 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿BRAESIDE HIGH SCHOOL BUSINESS DEPARTMENT BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS UNIT 9: CREATIVE PRODUCT PROMOTION Assignment Brief Title: Creative product promotion Date set : 23TH April 2015 Handing Dates : 30 TH JUNE 2015 Learning Outcomes On completion of this unit a learner should: 1. Know the constituents of the promotional mix 2. Understand the role of promotion within the marketing mix 3. Understand the role of advertising agencies and the media 4. Be able to create a simple promotional

Bees And Its Effect On Our Lives - 1122 Words

What is usually the initial reaction of an individual that has been stung by a bee? Kill it. However, this go to reaction of many people is just one of the few ways adding to the obliteration of bees. Bees have been around for millions of years, and now within the past fifty years, bee colonies are dropping to staggering low numbers. This is a problem. All around the world, people need to realize that these bees are greatly under-appreciated workers and action needs to be taken to protect them. Our world is going to suffer both ecologically and economically if we continue to loose bees at such drastic rates, this is why such measures need to be taken in order for these bees to brought to their former glory. (HISTORY) Bees have been around for millions of years. However, within the last fifty years, bee colonies have been dropping continuously. Colony Collapse Disorder, also known as CCD, accounts for how bees either die or leave their hive behind. Thus leaving the queen, honey, and immature bees all alone with no care (Agricultural Research Service). While it is normal to loose about 10% of hives every year, beekeepers are noticing how this number continues to rise. In the winter of 2006, it was being reported that average amount of hives lost was 30-90% (Agricultural Research Service). While these numbers are extremely high, Jeff Anderson, a beekeeper from Minnesota and California, points out that the official statistics form the federal Department of Agriculture onlyShow MoreRelatedHoney Bee Extinction Essay1735 Words   |  7 PagesChace Jensen Dr. Butler ENGL 1103 16 January 2012 A Small Extinction, A Big Problem Albert Einstein once said, â€Å"If the bee disappeared off the surface of the globe then man would only have four years of life left. No more bees, no more pollination, no more plants, no more animals, no more man† (â€Å"Einstein Once Said†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). After careful thought on this matter, this can be a scary concept to process. Millions of years have passed with the honey bee gracing the earth, and in fact, the honeybee isRead MoreThe Death Of Bees915 Words   |  4 Pagesin honeybees around the United States. Between the years 2010 and 2015 the death of bees has skyrocketed. The decline of the honeybees has become a huge issue that should be taken very seriously because of the fact that they are one of the few reasons why and how our crops are grown. One reasons why our honey bees are going extinct is because of the products used in our home, daily. Another reason why our honey bees are becoming extinct is due to the climate change. Even though this seems irreversibl eRead MoreHoney Bees And Its Effect On The Agricultural Industry1465 Words   |  6 Pageshave decreased, the need for pollinators, such as bees, has increased dramatically. Declines in honey bee colony health were provoked further in the 1980s with the arrival of new pathogens and pests. The arrival of Varroa and tracheal mites into the United States during the 1990s created additional stress on the honey bee population. These various mites attack both adult bees and the developing honey bee larvae and can transmit viruses. Since honey bees are a critical link within United States agricultureRead MoreWild Bees by James K. Baxter1218 Words   |  5 Pagesacross someone with noticeably less money seen in the way they dress, the type of house they live in, or what job they possess, and automatically assume their value is less, deeming them not as important as someone more well off. We essentially treat the wealthier better than the less fortunate. But what gives us the right to treat people differently? I ask the same questions while reading the â€Å"Wild Bees† by James K. Baxter. The poem addresses a group of boys attacking a beehive in a horrificRead MoreThe Natural Resources Defence Council Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pagescommunities, and societies as well. Many people are not fully aware of the dire situation, we as humans, have put these creatures in; the extinction of honeybees is mutual destruction for both the bees and humans. Humans are only speeding up the process with a multitude of harmful industries and other aspects. Bees are important for United States consumerism, agriculture, and the environment, yet humans continually abuse them, negatively impacting many important aspects of society and contributing to ColonyRead MoreColony Collapse Disorder and Pesticides Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pagesstarted disappearing. The disappearing was mysterious since no dead bees were found in or around the beehives after a colony’s number was reported to have gone down or vanished. This prompted a lot of study and investigations to uncover the mystery and to establish possible remedies. Among the man y reasons for the causes of the CCD was the use of harmful and dangerous pesticides. Timbrell (2002) provides a solid foundation on the effects of toxins in the body of animals with an aim of providing a scientificRead MoreBenefits And Basics Of Bee Keeping942 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose: to inform my audience about the history, processes and positive effects of beekeeping. Thesis Statement: As methods for bee keeping have improved, keeping bees has become beneficial to the keeper as well as having an impression on the environment. Introduction: As we discuss the history of bee keeping, have in mind that it was regarded as a high-status symbol. Throughout history, only the wealthiest people had colonized bees for their honey and honey comb. What I am passing around is a honeyRead MoreThe Plight of Bees Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pageswe eat is dependent on honey bees for pollination. Our ecosystem depends on the survival of the honey bee. Colonies of honeybees have been disappearing at an alarming rate around the world due to parasites, viral and bacterial diseases, and the introduction of pesticides and herbicides. Over the past six years, on average, 30 percent of all the honey bee colonies in the U.S. died off over the winter of 2012(NPR/TED). If this trend continues to spiral downward, honey bees will disappear from the worldRead MoreThe Effects Of Colony Collapse Disorder ( Ccd ) And Other Factors That Are Causing The Bee Population978 Words   |  4 Pages TITLE: The Population of Honeybees in the United States is Dec lining. General purpose: To persuade Purpose statement: Persuade my audience that more should be done to reverse the effects of Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) and other factors that are causing the bee population to decrease. INTRODUCTION I. Honeybees and their pollination contribute $17 billion a year to the United States’ economy. II. Due to variable causes, their population is declining at an alarming rate. a. In 1947, 5.9 millionRead MoreWhat Are Genetically Modified Organisms?880 Words   |  4 Pagescasual association between GM foods and adverse health effects. The strength of association and consistency between GM foods and disease is confirmed in many animal studies. GMOs remain inside of each one of us. The only human feeding study that was published, revealed what may have been the most dangerous problem from genetically modified foods. The gene that is inserted into GM soy transfers into the DNA of the bacteria living inside of our intestines and continues to function. Moreover, this means

Interpersonal Relationship and Billy Free Essays

English (Belonging) Blind Side Essay â€Å"Committing yourself is a way of finding out who you are. A man finds his identity by identifying. A man’s identity is not best thought of as the way in which he is separated from his fellows but the way in which he is united with them. We will write a custom essay sample on Interpersonal Relationship and Billy or any similar topic only for you Order Now †- Robert Terwilliger. This idea is represented in the core text of The Simple Gift and related text of The Blind Side which further reveal that belonging is the understanding and acceptance of an individual which makes them feel included. It is through their relationships with people and places combined with their experiences that help transform their own ‘identity’. Steven Herrick’s novel The Simple Gift (SG) is a verse poem written from three various perspectives of Billy, Old Bill and Caitlin. The text was first published in 2000 and is set in contemporary Australia, in a fictional town of Bendarat. It follows the protagonist Billy and his longing to find his place in life to feel accepted, but it is not until the experiences of belonging with individuals is formed that his identity is shaped. The novel’s structure is non-linear as it involves flashbacks over the course of the story to reflect back on the character’s past. The novel’s first poem Champagne written from Billy’s perspective, expresses the catalyst behind Billy leaving home, this being his abusive father. Billy refers to his dad as an â€Å"old bastard† as he steals his â€Å"champagne and cigarettes†. Billy’s use of a negative tone clearly defines the anger towards his father and their non- existent relationship. The technique of irony is used throughout this poem as it is titled â€Å"champagne†. Champagne is usually symbolic of celebrating an occasion. This represents an idea that Billy is â€Å"celebrating† leaving home. Billy does not have a relationship with his father, therefore has no consecutiveness with the community in Longlands Road. These reasons influence his decision to leave home in search of the new ‘Billy’. The Blind Side shows that when those around an individual are of a welcoming nature, close relationships can be formed. The 2009 film The Blind Side (TBS) written and directed by John Lee Hancock is a contemporary American film. The film has a circular structure which shows the transition of Michael Oher, an uneducated teenager with an impoverished upbringing, searching for a better life. The narrative device of his adoption by the wealthy Tuohy family is the catalyst for his initial sense of belonging. In a series of visual rather than dialogue driven scenes Leigh Anne Tuohy and her family give Michael experiences a diverse group of social circumstances which positively change his life as he becomes a star football player, accepted into the Mississippi University and metaphorically accepted in life. These experiences bring about Michael’s new identity. The opening sequence of TBS opens us to Michael’s old world as the flashback technique is used. The combination of frame shots exposes us to his hometown, and why he wants to leave this deprived, rundown area. The scene shows a sad, lost and depressed boy walking towards the camera with no direction. The use  © (2012) All Rights Reserved 1 of 2 For more info, go to www. hscintheholidays. com. au of a long shot shows Michael’s surroundings, as we connect to his life. It shows that Michael is an ‘outsider’. Through this sequence we also see a train travelling away from the town. This train is symbolic of Michael; moving and escaping his life, in an attempt for a new one. Both the poem Champagne and the opening scene of TBS show in a similar way both personas’ reasons for leaving their hometown. The lack of relationships both characters have with those around has a negative impact on who they are. This is the reason for them leaving. In comparison to Michael’s hometown, Billy describes his area as â€Å"rundown and beat† on pg 4 of Longlands Road. Although we cannot see Billy’s hometown, we perceive that it would appear quite similar to Michael’s. The idea of not belonging is evident in each text at this stage as no close relationships have been formed which has a large impact on one’s identity. The poem The Hobo Hour on page 48 of SG is the start of Billy’s relationship with Old Bill. Old Bill is described by Billy as â€Å"an old man with long grey hair and a beard†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he is seen as a stereotypical ‘hobo’. In the poem Herrick uses the symbol of hands for the idea of ‘giving’. Billy â€Å"hands across† the cigarettes stolen from his father and gives them to Old Bill despite not knowing him. This giving is seen as a simple gift. The line â€Å"burns brightly then fades to old smoke† is used by Herrick as it is a metaphor for Old Bill’s life. These simple acts of kindness show the developing relationship between Billy and Old Bill. This poem The Hobo Hour relates to the thanksgiving scene in TBS. The scene in TBS shows the Tuohy family eating their thanksgiving meal together. The film technique of a close-up is used to show Michael’s emotions over the shared meal as he shows a sign of happiness. Both texts are alike as they show that in giving a simple gift a close relationship can be formed. The final poem of SG is the ending of Billy’s search for belonging. The poem is from Billy’s perspective and titled The Hobo Sky. Throughout the poem, Herrick has used the technique of lists as Billy explains in detail exactly what he is doing, examples include: â€Å"I cleaned the bowls† †I watched until he was out of sight† â€Å"I looked up†. These quotes include the use of repetition of the word â€Å"I† which puts emphasis on Billy’s new identity as he clearly has a sense of self by the use of the â€Å"I† pronoun. The use of Herrick using the words â€Å"deep blue sky that Old Bill and I shared† suggests that Billy’s new life has been a shared experience with close relationships between various characters. In the scene where Michael begins university, you are able to see how the tight positioning of both the Tuohy’s and Michael is symbolic of their close relationships. When Leigh Anne is told â€Å"you’re changing that boy’s life† she replies by saying â€Å"no he’s changing mine†. Like Billy, all of Michael’s shared experiences have gotten him to where he is today. Both Billy and Michael have found a family. Each persona’s close and personal relationships have come from others experiences. Both The Simple Gift and The Blind Side show that close, personal relationships come from shared experiences and it is through this process that one’s sense of identity is formed, creating the deepest form of belonging.  © (2012) All Rights Reserved 2 of 2 For more info, go to www. hscintheholidays. com. au How to cite Interpersonal Relationship and Billy, Papers

Admission Letter Culinary Arts Program Essay Example For Students

Admission Letter: Culinary Arts Program Essay First, because know exactly how I van to apply my new skills, I do not need any extraneous courses. The Art Institute program perfectly reflects my own pragmatism and professional sensibility because it is focused and erectly related to my goals. A traditional degree doesnt Offer direct, practical career training, whereas the career education offered at the Art Institutes does. Second, I do not want to alter my lifestyle by engaging in a four-year program. As an older student, am not interested in leaving the workforce to pursue a traditional college education. I want to incorporate this education into my life seamlessly and smoothly. The Culinary Arts program will allow me to express myself creatively and professionally in the field of my choice. This program offers racial education and training that I can immediately apply to the workplace, preferably as a souse-chef in a fine dining restaurant. M confident I have the energy, stamina, and dedication to be a positive addition to the Art Institute, How do you expect your education at The Art Institute of Tennessee-Nashville to help you attain your career goals? Believe that getting into The Art Institute of Tennessee- Nashville will help me in achieving my dream to become a baking and pastry expert. Since am young, being the person in charge of making my sister baby shower cake: it had always become my interest. Having friends and family to ask about my opinion in all types of designs is an everyday thing. With the encouragement and advice from my family, friends and my own interests in designing and decorating cakes, it has made me choose Baking With creativity, imagination, dream and passion that have in this field, I hope that after my graduation, I would be an inspiration for many people and to meet their needs in providing solutions to achieve a meaningful cake. Am looking forward until the day I would be able to enjoy my working life as a baking game; pastry designer. I am sure that opportunity given through the programs that will be learning during the next 4 years at The Art Institute of Tennessee. Nashville will equip me well to obtain recognition as an International Baking ; Pastry maker. In what ways will you participate and commit to your education to be successful? I believe that the Art Institute of Tennessee-Nashville will help me become successful in many different ways. My long term career goal is to own or work for a company that specializes in creating great cakes, also feel like the Art Institute will provide the equipment that I need to enhance my education in that kind of study. Expect my education at this school will help me attain my goals because the Art Institute also provides opportunities such as the Culinary Arts degree program which prepares graduates for entry-level positions as a culinary arts student and many other things. Will participate and commit to my education by coming and being prepared for class in a timely, orderly fashion every day that I am attending this school. I will remain faithful in my commitment as long as I attend the school. My drea m is to work doing something, I love so it feels as if its not just jojoba but it is my career.

Suggestions of past Brandmaps companies Essay Example

Suggestions of past Brandmaps companies Essay There are over 50 marketing research studies that were made available for our team to utilize. For the first three quarters many of the research studies were ordered, however it was discovered early on that not all the studies were useful to us. The research studies that our firm found most useful were ordered on a permanent basis which ended up saving us valuable time. Such permanent studies included customer brand awareness, brand satisfaction ratings, operating statistics reports, brand quality ratings, balance sheets of the other competitive firms, the amount of market shares we have in the industry, our overall performance report along with preference testing.. Besides the permanent studies, there are three important research studies in which our team had to make specific decisions on every time. These decisions included the conjoint analysis and both advertising and promotion experiments. The importance of the conjoint analysis and can not be emphasized enough. Having an understanding of how conjoint analysis can be useful for successful product reformulation. Further explanation of conjoint analysis is explained in the new product development section of this memorandum. Another research study we had to do individually is the advertising experiment. Whenever we introduced a new product, we had to make decision on the amount of money we needed to spend on advertising, as well as determine the best media content and mix in order to receive the highest % of customer awareness. We also tried varieties of media content and mix in the experiments. We will write a custom essay sample on Suggestions of past Brandmaps companies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Suggestions of past Brandmaps companies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Suggestions of past Brandmaps companies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For example, in Canada, a combination of price, product uses, together with heavy weighs on radio, newspaper and magazines yielded a very high percentage of customer awareness (around 85%). Conducting advertising experiments is an inexpensive task, which can result in grand results. At times, trying to find the right advertising strategy becomes frustrating, however, by continuously changing up variables, eventually, a suitable result can be obtained. It took our firm several quarters before finally finding a good advertising strategy for the Pacific region. Promotion experiments are another essential part of marketing research. Like the advertising experiment, we had to determine the amount of money to allot and the promotional type for each specified region. We found for the most part that our dealer awareness experiments yielded us very positive results, as there seemed to be less variables to play around with in order to figure out the right mix. Some of our experiments conducted resulted in very high percentages for awareness, many in the 90 to 98 percent range. At times, these results came from little spending in the promotion department, however with a useful promotional mix. Marketing research is an invaluable tool, which should be fully utilized by all firms. Its costs are minimal compared to the possible end benefits of the results, when interpreted correctly. A firm should never try to cut costs on their budget at the expense of ordering marketing research. Having a fully informed firm outweighs the few thousand dollars, which may have otherwise been saved from not ordering specific research. Knowing exactly where your competitors stand in the market and your environmental situation is the bottom line. Our philosophy is that if in doubt, order the marketing research. New Product Development Deciding on whether or not to introduce a new product into a new or existing market is like playing with a double-edged sword. There are many possible ways to look at the situation and whether or not it is a worthwhile activity. Market and competitor analyses are two very important factors when making this critical decision. We found off hand that the more competitive and unstable the market is, the less worthwhile it is entering a new product there. Probably the most important decision that has to be made is the conception of the new product. It was discovered that creating a new product specifically tailored for a market is the best way to enter a new product. Utilizing preference testing to find out what volume of attributes are most preferred along with conjoint analysis to discover the relative importance of each attribute is what has to be used when deciding on how your new vaporware product is going to look. Ensuring that your product does not infringe upon others patent zones is equally important, as this avoidable mistake could prove costly. There are various trade-offs when deciding how to compose your new product. In order to keep costs low and stay away from stepping in another firms patent zones , one may want to cut a few costs, with a huge cost saver being reducing the warranty and compatibility, especially if the relative importance of that specific attribute within that specific targeted market is not considered important. In the end, having a conducive product which meets the needs of the consumer is the bottom line when taking all new product decision variables into consideration. Introduction of a new product can be quite costly. A wise firm would initially do some prior research as to what activities are taking place within the particular targeted region, including industry growth and potential and other product formulations by competing firms. A firm would not be wise as to introduce a new product into an already over saturated or weak market. Reformulation bids are another testy item which requires intense scrutiny. Using some applicable aspects of game theory, one must anticipate what the competitors are doing in the particular targeted region, as a high Reformulation may be a complete waste of expense. This is where some calculated risk must be made. Introduction of a new product also experiences other divisional expenses which may add up, including the hiring of a sales force. Careful capacity planning should be done ahead of time so in the best possible scenario, a company will have enough capacity to produce all future ordered. In the worst possible scenario, full capacity will not be utilized and it can be sold to recover some of the capacity adding expenses incurred. Capacity planning is a touchy subject which quite frankly requires accurate long term forecasting in order for it to be cost efficient. At times, with the introduction of a new product, some short term pain must be experienced. Quite often, due to the lack of experience curve savings and presence of substantial smoothing effects, the initial cost of the product may be enormous and profit margins may be slim. Along with reformulation, sales force, initial intensive advertising and promotion expenses, there may stand to be little profit gained during an introduction. Negative profits during introduction are not a rare occurrence and a company should not be afraid to experience this. Do not worry, things will probably get better. There are a few more tips a firm can use in order to have a successful introduction of a new product. Our firm found that initial large expenditures in advertising during the roll-out of the new product is necessary for creating awareness of the product. From our advertising experiments we found that spending more money will always increase awareness of a product. If people like this new product, they will buy it. Increasing incentives for the sales force to work harder on selling the product is another feasible technique, such as increasing sales commission or salary. Dealers can initially be pushed to carry the product by providing temporary rebates. One must remember not to give these rebates for too long of a time or they will lose their effectiveness. A firm newly introducing a product must be brave and not scared to lose a bit of money during the first small stretch of existence and should not compromise their price at the expense of generating increased initial sales as this could be detrimental for long term profit. The last very important factor which should be taken into consideration is whether or not the product should be introduced into one or several markets. Our firms advice is that a company should try to create a product that is perfect for one market but can be accepted within others. We found that one of our newly introduced products was perfect for the Pacific market but also was preferred in the Canada market. As sales in the Pacific area shot up, product costs decreased, which lowered the price of the somewhat less suitable but still well-liked product in Canada, making it preferred. Our advice is that a firm should try not to create a product which partially meets the needs of multiple markets or if a firm does, dont expect it to become a grand success as it may end up flopping in all of your targeted markets. Good luck! Sales Forecast A good sales forecast is very important because it helps avoid stockouts on the one hand and high inventory levels on the other. To find out which sales forecast seems to be reasonable for the next term, you should first take a look at industry sales volume forecasts (#31). This study gives an overview of the past and future sales volume for all market regions. As mentioned in the book the study gives an overview, and therefore the major problem is, that it assumes current marketing activities of all firms in the industry to stay at the same level, or to continue their present course, which most often is not the case. Another problem with this study is, that especially when entering a new market the forecasts are often to optimistic. You should take a look at your marketing program and those of rivals. Furthermore one should also consider that the marketing research study # 31 doesnt account for unfilled orders. Consideration should be given to the population growth and the economic figures of the region. A knowledge of the stage for the product life cycle of your product, or the market, and how accepted the product composition is, are all important points of concern. To get information about your brand sales forecast you can use brand sales volume forecast (#32). You can also make your own calculation by multiplying the industry sales forecast with your market share forecast. In general its better to be a conservative in your forecasts. This is because it is better to gain more profits than forecasted than visa versa.

American and Foreign Culture essays

American and Foreign Culture essays The world we live in can be considered as being a complex system of values and traditions, of customs, and national identities. The differences that lie at the basis of each of the worlds civilizations and cultures is what gives our society its sense of individuality but at the same time can be the reason of unpardonable mistakes which can offend the others sense of nationality and of traditional values. From this perspective, it is important to always be aware of the cultural differences and at the same time, of the similarities that parts and keeps us together. We tend to have different perceptions of ideas, of notions and concepts, of beliefs, even of colors and rituals. It is precisely such rifts that give our world the sense of diversity and makes cultural interaction an exciting and at the same time risky affair. Despite the possible difficulties we may come across when we come in contact with a different culture, the experience can prove to be worthy of the struggle and reward ing in terms of the personal experience one is likely to share with the others. The American culture can be viewed as being practically international due to the wide spread of the American symbols, of the impact and influence the American way of life has on the world. It represents for most societies the comparison point for prosperity and well being. However, despite the fact that most of the times the economic aspect tends to dominate the discussions on the way in which the American culture is perceived, there are other symbols as well which in fact define the core nature of the American traditions, customs, and in the end culture. However, these cannot be seen in their broadest expression but through a thorough comparison with another culture. The Japanese cultural environment in this sense is one of the most eloquent examples one can use to underline both the real identity of the American culture, as well as the diversity of the cultural ...

Managing Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Resources - Essay Example However, due to the rising competition in the service industry and the demand for quality services, service industries have also embarked on and implemented resources management practices in their organisations. The fire and rescue industry has also not been left out in implementing resources management techniques in their operations. Devon and Somerset is one of the largest fire and rescue service in the UK which was established in the year 2007 through a merger of Somerset and Devon fire brigades. This company operates different fire and rescue subsidiaries in the region thus making resources management vital to ensure growth and survival of the company and also to ensure that the services given to their customers are of higher standards (Cameron, 2009). Devon and Somerset Company have different appliances which enable it to perform its core competencies of rescuing and fighting fire during fire emergencies. The company has different and diverse special appliances as well as front line gargets for putting out fire. One of its major appliances which are vital for putting out fire is the water tender ladder. The company’s water tender ladder has the capability of pumping about 3,000 litres of water per minute for two locations and it has a storage capacity of more than 1,800 litres. This pump also has various types of ladders which are up to 13.5 metres. The cab also contains four sets of air breathing apparatus which are compressed. Each of the pumps also contain outside lockers located at the outside part. Inside the pumps, there are a number of powdered rescue equipment usually hydraulic and also a thermal imaging camera, pressure fans, equipment for safety heights and water rescue equipment. Water tender ladder has call sig ns one and three (Trotman Publishing, 2001). Another appliance is the water tender which is almost similar to the above mentioned water tender ladders. The difference is that these two appliances carry different set of equipment with

Seung-Hui Cho Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Seung-Hui Cho - Essay Example The paper then advances to two theories: rational choice and social learning in attempt to explain the Seung case. A background of each theory is provided, and each theory is applied to give an explanation to the case. In its conclusion, a personal opinion is provided in the paper to reflect on possible explanation of the case. Description of the Case Seung-Hui Cho studied at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and was a part of state varsity team. On the 16th of April 2007 Seung, a fourth year student undertaking a course in English, went on a shooting spree having killed 32 people and injuring another 25 people (Nizza, 2012). At the time of the incident Seung born in 1984 was 23 years old. This tragedy is referred to as the â€Å"Virginia Tech massacre†. Seung followed up the shooting spree by taking his own life after law enforcement agents breached the doors where the incidence took place. Seung was born in South Korea. His family moved to the US when he was 8 years old. He was a US permanent resident (Brunt, 2012). During his years in the middle school, Seung got diagnosed of a depressive disorder and a severe anxiety disorder referred to as selective mutism. Seung received therapy for this diagnosis until his years in junior high school (Nicolletti, 2009). Seung elicited concerns among his family for his behavior as a child. His relatives believed he was mentally ill. Most of his family members interviewed after the â€Å"Virginia Tech massacre† noted that he was extremely shy and did not mix up with other kids to play. He gets reported as a child who rarely talked (Nizza, 2012). At Virginia Tech, Seung got to raise significant concern in regards to instances of his abnormal behavior and the violence referenced in his plays and writings. After the massacre, a report provided by a panel convened by Tim Kaine, then Virginia governor, gave an explanation to the shooting (Nicolletti, 2009). The report dwelled on Seung’s troubled past and conde mned the mental health professionals and educators who handled Seung for their failure to notice his deteriorating condition and offer him help. The report also questioned the gun laws and gaps in the mental health system of Virginia. Notably, though, the report primarily blamed Seung for his massacre and for not seeking medical help because of his condition. Theories This paper shall aim at discussing Seung’s case using two theories: rational choice theory and social learning theory. Rational Choice Theory In accordance with the rational choice theory, an individual is said to weigh the options of cost and benefits, means and ends before making a rational choice (Samaha, 2005). Rational choice in this sense refers to both what different people may view as either sane or crazy acts. As long as one gets to rationalize his choice of committing a crime, then the crime is explainable. The basis of rational choice is that individuals try to be at their best under any situation. Hu man behavior gets determined by reinforcements in the form of rewards and punishments (Samaha, 2005). Before undertaking whatever actions they plan to take, all human beings calculate the costs and benefits of their actions. Individuals may undertake crimes since they find it easy, satisfying or fun. In the act of undertaking a crime, an individual may base it on personal factors, such as revenge, entertainment, target victim’s vulnerability or police. A supporting theory of rational choice is the routine activities theory which got advanced by Cohen and Felson. As a subsidiary to the rational choice theory, a routine activities postulates that three factors must be present for crime to occur. The three are: the potential

The Incorporation of Immigrants in Growing Urban Areas ( Style is Essay

The Incorporation of Immigrants in Growing Urban Areas ( Style is Annals of the Associatio n of American Geographers , AAAG) - Essay Example This has also led to discrimination and racial segregation when it comes to certain privileges. Immigration has been used as a means to human right violation and slavery in certain parts of the world yet in certain areas human rights have been observed with the best effort. While the phenomenon immigration has existed for centuries, it was after the Second World War that immigration started gaining momentum. This was due to factors such as religious conflicts, political instability, and economic constraints in their countries of origin. Migration has led to changes in how countries shape up in areas such as education, economy, culture, and even social life. The new environments that migrants experience present diverse challenges which have led them to adapt in different ways. In Greece, for example, the Cold War made natives flee their country which had a poor economy, in search of better life in places like the United States, Canada, Australia, and other more developed counties (Skandalis 2012). However, after the Cold War and with the fall of the communist era in Eastern Europe, Greece became an attractive place for immigrants from Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, and other less developed countries in Eastern Europe. Other immigrants in the country came f rom outside of Europe, from India and Afghanistan. This had a huge impact on the economy and society of Greece. What was once a homogenous society became a culture and linguistic mosaic. The immigrants managed to deal with barriers such as confusing legislation and unfriendly entrepreneurial climates to become farmers, construction workers, and employees in other sectors, overwhelming even the natives (Skandalis 2012). This led to Greece experiencing a transformation in regard to its occupational structure. Occupations such as manufacturing and small trading that characterised the traditional family are on the decline. On the other hand occupations such as salaried clerical

Influence of Cannabis Abuse Variables on Psychotic Symptoms

Influence of Cannabis Abuse Variables on Psychotic Symptoms Influence of variables of cannabis abuse on psychotic symptoms and their severity: an Indian experience Abstract: Context: Cannabis is probably the most commonly used illicit drug. While not all cannabis users present mental health problems, heavy cannabis use may increase the risk of cognitive abnormalities, psychotic illness, and mood disorders. Cannabis-induced psychosis is not easily distinguishable from schizophrenic symptomatology, although it is characterized by more bizarre behaviour, violence, panic, more agitation, and less blunting of affect, and incoherent speech. Aims: To evaluate severity of various psychotic symptoms in relation to variables of cannabis abuse. Settings and Design: A cross sectional study of 30 male patients admitted at tertiary psychiatric centre, with diagnosis of cannabis induced psychosis was carried out. Methods and Material: Cannabis abuse variables along with psychotic symptoms severity on BPRS scale was obtained. Statistical analysis used: SPSS-17 was used for analysis, and significance level was at p-value Results: The symptoms that were associated with increased severity in majority of patients were hostility (83%), excitement (77%), and elevated mood, grandiosity, suspiciousness and motor hyperactivity were preset in more than 60% of individuals in range of severe to very severe form. Conclusions: Patients with long duration and early onset of cannabis abuse were presented with more severe form of psychosis. Frequency of cannabis use was not significantly correlated with total BPRS score, although amount spent over cannabis was significantly associated with total BPRS score. Family history of cannabis abuse predicted early onset of cannabis abuse. Introduction Cannabis is probably most commonly used illicit drug. [1,2] It is widely used in India and is an integral part of Indian culture and religious customs.[3,4] The correlation between cannabis and negative mental health outcomes has been unequivocally established [1,5,6,7,12]. While not all cannabis users present mental health problems, [5] epidemiological studies suggest that heavy cannabis use during adolescence may increase the risk of cognitive abnormalities and psychotic disorders.[1,8-10] Use of cannabis at early age and high frequency are associated with a greater risk of problems [5,7,11]. Arendt et al. consider that this cannabis-induced psychosis is an early expression of schizophrenia in vulnerable individuals rather than part of the differential diagnosis [12]. Moore’s review reported a 40% higher risk of psychosis in subjects who occasionally used cannabis and a probability of 50% to 200% higher in regular cannabis users [13]. Swedish Conscripts Study (Andreasson et al.) of inductees into the military reported a risk for schizophrenia 2.4 times higher among those who had used cannabis by 18 years than among non-users [14,24]. This cannabis-induced psychosis is not easily distinguishable from Schizophrenic symptomatology, [15,19] although it has been characterized by more bizarre behavior, violence, panic, more hypomanic symptoms and agitation, and fewer hallucinations and less blunting of affect and incoherent speech.[20,21] Need of the current study Studies have found cannabis associated psychosis a constellation of affective symptoms (euphoria, increased psychomotor activity), [16,17,18] whereas others have found similarity with schizophrenic symptomology of social withdrawal, thought disorder and disorganized behavior [19,22] so there is immense need to define the presenting features of this disorder in Indian population. Additionally phenomenology of the cannabis use disorder need to be explored to clearly define, identify and manage this population. Despite widespread use of cannabis there is lack of research data from most part of the world including India. Aims and objectives: Based on the existing literature we formulated following hypothesis that â€Å"Patients with cannabis associated psychosis have different symptom profile than other common psychiatric disorders, relating to variables of cannabis abuse e.g. dose, frequency, duration†. To test the hypothesis following objectives were formulated To assess variables of cannabis abuse in patients with cannabis associated psychosis. To explore the relationship between variables of cannabis abuse, and individual symptom profile and total BPRS score. Subjects and Methods: Patients in whom there was temporal association of cannabis use with onset of psychotic illness were included in the study. The study included 30 consequentially admitted, Hindi speaking patients of 18-50 years of age at tertiary psychiatric centre in north India from March 2011 to July 2011. Patients with mental retardation, a significant medical condition compromising ability to participate, history of head injury with any documented cognitive sequele, and inability to provide informed consent were excluded from study. Patients having history of psychiatric illness prior to onset of cannabis abuse, predominant abuse/dependence of other psychoactive substance and having any other significant medical illness were also excluded from study. Study design: A cross sectional study of subjects who satisfied the inclusion criteria was carried out. After recording socio demographic data, each participant in the study was subjected to questionnaire regarding his cannabis abuse and brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS). To measure the quantity of cannabis intake by individual indirect measure in form of average amount (INR) spent daily was inquired. The age of onset, duration of abuse, and cause of onset- accidental, casual, peer group and offer by elder family members were recorded. The history of cannabis abuse as well as psychiatric illness in other family members was inquired. Results: Majority of the participants were young male adults of the rural background. About 47 % (n-14) of them were unmarried and 60 % (n-18) were belonged to joint family. All the study participants were formally educated and at least one family member of about 43% (n-13) of participants had history of cannabis abuse. As it has been shown in table 2 majority of the study participants were abusing cannabis for more than 10 years with mean duration of cannabis abuse 14.2 years. 50 % of the individuals experienced first cannabis intake before age of 13 years with average onset of cannabis use 14.5 years. Majority of the participants (66%) were daily cannabis abusers. More than 2/3 rd of the subjects was spending Rs. 15 per day on average over the cannabis. Onset of cannabis was occurred mostly due to influence of peer group (n-21). The symptoms that were associated with increased severity in majority of patients were hostility 25 (83%), excitement 23 (77%), and elevated mood, grandiosity, suspiciousness, distractibility and motor hyperactivity in more than 60% of individuals. Other symptoms that were present in severe to very severe form in more than half individuals were hallucinations, unusual thought content, uncooperativeness, and self neglect. Suicidability and tension was absent in 28(93%) of p atients, depression and motor retardation was absent in 25(83%) of participants, guilt was absent in 70% of patients and blunted affect, conceptual disorganization and emotional withdrawal were completely absent in >60% of individual patients. Correlation with duration of cannabis abuse Long duration of abuse was negatively correlated with depression and hostility but other symptoms like suspiciousness, hallucinations, unusual thought content were positively correlated. Duration of cannabis abuse was significantly associated with total BPRS score (p-0.002). Patients with long duration of cannabis were presented with more severe form of psychosis than patients with short duration of cannabis abuse. Correlation with Age of onset of cannabis abuse Older age of onset of cannabis use was significantly associated with depression (p Correlation with frequency of cannabis abuse Frequency of cannabis abuse was significantly associated with self neglect (p-0.007) and tension (p Correlation with amount spent over cannabis The amount spent over cannabis was significantly correlated with anxiety (p-0.030), hallucinations (p-0.001), bizarre behavior (p Discussion: This study was aimed at determining clinical symptoms in relation to variables of cannabis abuse. All subjects were male. This could be attributable to low levels of substance use among females in general and cannabis in particular. Age range was wide and may be due to variation in genetic vulnerability to psychosis, dose of cannabis and duration of illness leading to variable age at presentation. Positive symptoms (motor hyperactivity, excitement, hostility, elevated mood, suspiciousness, grandiosity) were found at higher frequency than negative symptoms (blunted effect, emotional withdrawal and motor retardation). Hallucinations were present in only half of the participants. Other symptoms of the psychosis like conceptual disorganization and catatonic symptoms were absent. Our result was in support of Vani Kulhali and colleagues [23] finding that patients with cannabis associated psychosis had high positive scores (>5) on respective BPRS items were hostility 25 (83%), excitement 23 (77%), and motor hyperactivity, elevated mood, grandiosity, suspiciousness, distractibility in more than 60% of individuals. The least common symptoms were suicidability and tension 2 (6), depression and motor retardation 5 (15%), guilt was present in 30% of patients and blunted affect, conceptual disorganization and emotional withdrawal were completely absent in >60% of individuals. Most studies have reported that cannabis produces psychosis with prominent positive symptoms [16,1718]. Our findings are in keeping with these studies. Scores on BPRS reflected both the total intensity and the profile of psychopathology. Thus our findings largely confirm that reports of other authors that cannabis produces a psychosis with predominantly affective features and more of positive symptoms. Family history of drug disorders is regarded as risk factor for substance use including cannabis, whether it also results in increased vulnerability to cannabis psychosis is not clear. Conclusions The implication of this study is that cannabis contributes in causing and modifying psychosis. Several noteworthy findings emerged from this heterogeneous sample of cannabis associated psychosis. First the severity of psychotic episode was significantly associated with younger age of onset of cannabis abuse and increased spending was associated with more severe psychotic episode. Second family history of psychosis was not associated with increased severity of cannabis abuse, although family history of psychosis predicted more severe excitement, elevated mood and grandiosity and early onset of cannabis abuse. Limitations of the study As this was a cross sectional study and cannabis variables were obtained from interview possibility of â€Å"recall bias† can`t be ruled out. It was not possible to measure the amount of cannabis in unit time. Proxy used to represent this variable may not be representative of active ingredient of delta- 9THC. We have to rely on the subjects `self- report` of not using any other substances and were unable to objectively verify this report. Thus, the possibility that some symptoms were related to abstinence from other drugs cannot be completely excluded. Wide age range could be a drawback of study since homogeneity in duration of illness and amount of cannabis abuse could not be ensured.

Decline of Indian Southwest Essay -- Native Americans History Papers

Decline of Indian Southwest Lord Acton said, â€Å"The most certain test by which we judge whether a country is really free is the amount of security enjoyed by its minorities.† In the late 1800’s the security of the minorities in the southwest was in serious jeopardy. For the Apache’s the security was promised but rarely upheld by the American government. The minimal security the Navajo enjoyed vanished by 1846. Men like Kit Carson desired but often failed to maintain the peace and security for these Indian tribes. Kit Carson’s actions and the actions of others began the deterioration of the Indian culture in the southwest. The decline of the Indian southwest was caused by the idea of Manifest Destiny, which led to Indian confinement to reservations and the decline of Native American society. The idea of Manifest Destiny led the Americans to war with Mexico. In 1846, America gained control of what is now the Southwest. With this acquisition, America inherited years of Navajo-Mexican warfare. The Mexicans became American citizens; the Natives, being Indians, did not. Therefore, Indians were punished for attacks on Mexicans but not vice-versa (Brown 14). General Stephen Watts Kearney put it this way, addressing the Mexicans: 'The Apaches and the Navajos come down and carry off your sheep and your women whenever they please. My government will correct all this. They will keep off the Indians, protect you in persons and property " (L. Bailey 2). American officials, in an attempt to halt conflict between the Indians and the new settlers, prevent expensive wars, and open up lands to white settlers, created reservations for the Indians, crowding the Indians into areas and constricting them from finding or growing food. Wi... ...hwest might still thrive today. Bibliography Bailey, Lynn. The Long Walk. Pasedena: Socio-Technical Books, 1970. Brown, Dee. Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee. Chicago: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970. Debo, Angie. Geronimo The Man, His Time, His Place. University of Oklahoma Press, 1976. Hurtado, Albert L, ed. Major Problems in American Indian History. Lexington, Massachusetts, D.C. Heath and Company, 1994. Quaife, Milo Milton. Kit Carson’s Autobiography. University of Nebraska Press, 1935. Simmons, Mark S. â€Å"Kit and the Indiansâ€Å" University Press of Colorado, 1996. Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago, 1868. Utley, Robert M. The Indian Frontier of the American West 1846-1890. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1984. White, David. It’s Your Misfortune and None of My Own: A New History of the American West. University of Oklahoma Press, 1991. Decline of Indian Southwest Essay -- Native Americans History Papers Decline of Indian Southwest Lord Acton said, â€Å"The most certain test by which we judge whether a country is really free is the amount of security enjoyed by its minorities.† In the late 1800’s the security of the minorities in the southwest was in serious jeopardy. For the Apache’s the security was promised but rarely upheld by the American government. The minimal security the Navajo enjoyed vanished by 1846. Men like Kit Carson desired but often failed to maintain the peace and security for these Indian tribes. Kit Carson’s actions and the actions of others began the deterioration of the Indian culture in the southwest. The decline of the Indian southwest was caused by the idea of Manifest Destiny, which led to Indian confinement to reservations and the decline of Native American society. The idea of Manifest Destiny led the Americans to war with Mexico. In 1846, America gained control of what is now the Southwest. With this acquisition, America inherited years of Navajo-Mexican warfare. The Mexicans became American citizens; the Natives, being Indians, did not. Therefore, Indians were punished for attacks on Mexicans but not vice-versa (Brown 14). General Stephen Watts Kearney put it this way, addressing the Mexicans: 'The Apaches and the Navajos come down and carry off your sheep and your women whenever they please. My government will correct all this. They will keep off the Indians, protect you in persons and property " (L. Bailey 2). American officials, in an attempt to halt conflict between the Indians and the new settlers, prevent expensive wars, and open up lands to white settlers, created reservations for the Indians, crowding the Indians into areas and constricting them from finding or growing food. Wi... ...hwest might still thrive today. Bibliography Bailey, Lynn. The Long Walk. Pasedena: Socio-Technical Books, 1970. Brown, Dee. Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee. Chicago: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970. Debo, Angie. Geronimo The Man, His Time, His Place. University of Oklahoma Press, 1976. Hurtado, Albert L, ed. Major Problems in American Indian History. Lexington, Massachusetts, D.C. Heath and Company, 1994. Quaife, Milo Milton. Kit Carson’s Autobiography. University of Nebraska Press, 1935. Simmons, Mark S. â€Å"Kit and the Indiansâ€Å" University Press of Colorado, 1996. Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago, 1868. Utley, Robert M. The Indian Frontier of the American West 1846-1890. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1984. White, David. It’s Your Misfortune and None of My Own: A New History of the American West. University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.

My worse day ever

My worst day ever was the day my brother fell out the window, and almost died. My brothers name is All. He was born on January 9, 2004 and Is the fourth child in our family. He was eight and a half years of old. It all happened on Tuesday September 11, 2012. My day began Like any other day not knowing what was hidden for me, I thought that this was going to be a great day. I had no Idea that my brother was going to fall from the second floor window and almost die. In this essay I will be informing you about how my day began, to how he fell and what happened at the end. I went to school like always and came home.When I arrived home we were told that guests might come over, so I cleaned the house and got dressed. After we completed cleaning we had our dinner. During the meal the children had made quite a mess under the table so I went upstairs to grab the vacuum. My room was next to the room where all the boys slept. There were five boys that slept in that room since we lived with our cousins. It was impossible to have beds so they had five mattresses on the floor but because we had to vacuum we put three against one wall and parallel to that wall and put the other two under the window.As passed through the rooms I noticed my brother All and cousin Mustang were throwing themselves and Jumping on the mattress from one wall to the other. As I grabbed the vacuum and left my room in the corner of my eye I saw my cousin Mustangs face. His face was red and he look like he was scared. I've never in my life seen a young child scared in that way. I sensed something wrong so, I began to look for All but, there was no sight of him. All I saw was the open window and oddly, the screen was half ripped off. I let go of the vacuum and ran to the window.I barely saw anything, al I saw was his arm, I felt my heart drop. If someone to hit me at that moment there would not have been even a single drop of blood that's how ice cold and shocked I was. As I ran down the stairs I was at a loss for words. Without thinking I swallowed and yelled†All Fell Out The Window Yummy!! â€Å". My sister summer and I said It at the same time because she was down stairs and saw him from the downstairs window. My mother was In the kitchen doing the dishes, when she heard her face changed In color and she fell to the ground In tears not knowing what to do.My Aunt quickly ran stairs to tell my uncle who has just entered the shower after a long hot day at work. Everyone in the house was crying as if he had died. All was in the backyard laying face down on the concrete floor. No one wanted to go outside and see him for the fear of him being dead. I couldn't Just leave him out there so I ran out. I opened the backyard door and went next to him. I began to cry as looked at him laying there. I felt as if the world had ended. I remember telling my self Hess alive. I felt him breathing but he was unconscious.Suddenly he woke up and began to try to get p so I picked him up in my ar ms and opened the door. SSL entered the house his forehead and his nose began to bleed. I went towards the living room and sat on the table with All In my lap and soon he began to cry because he saw everyone crying. My mother was hysterical so I yelled at her, and told her to get a towel and wipe the blood of his face. She did that while my uncle called the ambulance and my father. Hurt? â€Å". All replied in tears and a weak voice â€Å"l don't want shots! I don't want shots! â€Å".Through all that pain his only fear was to get shot. The police arrived and, a few seconds later the ambulance did too. They came in and wrapped All in a bed and took him. My mother went with, I wanted to go with her but the police kept asking me questions. They assumed that this had been purposely done and they wanted to keep us under surveillance. I had to tell the police everything and show them everything till they understood what happened and left. I was alone at home with all the kids, who wer e up stairs hiding in my room and crying from fear that All could have been dead.I went upstairs to comfort them and to tell them that All was â€Å"Okay' ND to Just make dud for him to come home soon. After a long time of waiting impatiently my mom finally called my aunt and told her everything. My aunt looked different and her face became pale but she tried to act normal. When she ended the call I asked her what happened. She told me that All broke his back, neck and, cheek bone and that he might not be ever able to walk again. I began to cry then she asked me not to tell the kids or anyone. She also said that the doctors will be taking one final x-ray to decide the outcome.That night I spent it entirely making dud and exiting everyone I know to make dud and ask others to make dud. That night was extremely long, I couldn't wait till morning to hear what happened. Morning came and no one called. I sat on the couch looking out the window and Just imaging All coming home all better then suddenly the phone rang. My uncle this time answered and he looked amazed for some reason. I waited till he hung up and then looked at him waiting for him to say something. Then he said â€Å"All is fine and is coming home tonight†. I looked at him and said â€Å"How? What do you mean by finer. He replied † Its a miracle ! Interrupting him I said â€Å"what is? â€Å"After the second x ray the doctors found nothing broken but his wrist. No one believed it, they had five doctors come in and check. â€Å". I was amazed † Allah had accepted our duds! † I replied. I felt that the time was going by slowly. They said they'll be here before seven but it was now seven thirty. We waited till eight and then they finally came. When I saw my brother I began to cry my aunt asked me to stop so I went to wash my face and came back down stairs and, spent time with my family. That was my worst day ever. I guess it ended up alright since my brother didn't die.

Database security in the cloud Essay

This chapter is mainly concerned with providing the research methods and the tools that were used to get the views of the respondents. They contribute a lot in the conclusion of the research. The methods that were employed in this research include sampling, questionnaires, and online surveys. With Web 2. 0 being in full force today, there are more avenues that have made it possible to get views from clients. These avenues include web forums, blogs, and review sites like ZDNet, and ZNet sites. This was a good method that was of paramount importance in this research. Use of interview This method was also a vital component of my research as its combination with other methods like observations and other statistical techniques yields optimum results. I ensured that I maintained the balance of emphasis which kept on shifting with the frame of reference and objectives of this study. Interviews also proved highly flexible especially given the fact that I handled it with care and achieved a considerably liberal atmosphere since questions that were not easily grasped by interviewees were rephrased and/or repeated emphatically and explanations given where it proved necessary. The use of interviews helped me in the study of human behaviour during the process and helped me to secure very intimate and personal knowledge about my study. However, they had the following limitations: the use this tool proved to be time consuming as I had to conduct personal visits to the sample population severally due to some absentee interviewees which forced me to conduct several revisits and some appointments that I made sure to catch up to the required information (McEvoy, & Schulze, 2008). Records and documentations also helped me in analyzing the legal basis of businesses, their past, current and projected status as regards capital input and output enabling me to deduce the history of ideas, prime philosophies and scientific thoughts that come with the projections (McEvoy, & Schulze, 2008). Journals were also useful in my research as I got relevant information and used it for my analysis and compilations. Expressive Documents including personal letters; life or case histories in the form of diaries and accounts of small-group processes which created a solid background for sourcing information in this research. 4. 1. 2 Use of questionnaires I employed the use of close-ended questions where I provided the respondents with a variety of choices to pick from that reflected the trends and use of Information Technology and also open ended questions in which I gave the respondents room to formulate their own answers to my questions. Although its use proved to be cost effective, easy to analyze, familiar to most of the respondents and reduced biasness, their use has shown that they have low response rates which is a real curse to statistical analysis and can reduce the reliability of the results (Jha, Merzky, & Fox, 2008). But I ensured a well designated study approach to the use of questionnaires to produce consistent and high response rates. 4. 1. 3 Online surveys/use of the internet The Internet proved very interactive in providing me with relevant information besides being affordable to administer, easy to modify and gave instant results for the study. The tool also had an advantage of making it easy to automate data creation, manipulation and reporting and made it user friendly. Although the use of the internet was efficient, it still had weakness of difficulty in determining and controlling selection probabilities, which is a hindrance to quantitative analysis of data collected (McEvoy, & Schulze, 2008). 4. 2 Procedures The results were from 5 companies which have widely dealt with cloud computing and are concerned with the security of the databases stored in the clouds. These companies have their representatives and program officers who were very helpful in this research. This is because they are the leading in the development and development of cloud computing. Data was collected using SPSS program. The views from the employees of these companies were captured in a questionnaire which was sent online. They were asked how they perceive their achievement of the database security in cloud computing. They were then asked of their personal feel of the extent to which the war against attacks in the cloud has been achieved. In part 1, the respondents were told to give the things they feel are important when one is implementing cloud computing. They were told to give the issues they feel were paramount in implementing security in cloud computing environments. Participants were then asked a series of questions related to database security in cloud computing: the type of cloud computing they wish to implement (attribute vs. consensus), the type of information source (personal vs. impersonal), type of heuristics (independent self-related vs. interdependent self-related), decision speed, consideration set, product involvement, and product knowledge. In part 2, participants were asked a series of individual differences in their technologies they wished to b implemented. In part 3, participants were presented with demographic questions such as age, gender, nationality, race/ethnicity, and cultural identity. Once a participant finished the questionnaire, he/she was thanked and dismissed. McEvoy, G. , & Schulze, B. (2008). Using clouds to address grid limitations. In Workshop on Middleware for Grid Computing (article 11). Retrieved May 19, 2010, from ACM Digital Library database. Jha, S. , Merzky, A. , & Fox, G. (2008). Cloud computing and grid abstraction. Retrieved on May 17, 2010, from Open Grid Forum Web site: http://ogf. org/OGF_Special_Issue/cloud-grid-saga. pdf

Life of a Slave Girl Essay Example

Life of a Slave Girl Essay Example Life of a Slave Girl Essay Life of a Slave Girl Essay Once again we are transported to a time and place that seems so unreal, so utterly hard, that it takes someone who has been there to accurately portray the sights and sounds in a way that allows us to believe it is real. In her book Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs describes her life as a slave in South Carolina in the early to mid 1800s. Her account is similar in nature to other slave narratives at the time, but has a different tone to her descriptions of life and death during her time in bondage. Unlike others that tell of extreme punishment and hard labor, Jacobs narrative explores the emotional hardships laid upon her by her master, a man by the name of James Norcom. Norcom is attracted to Jacobs and is constantly battering her with lewd innuendos and moral degradation. He very much wants Jacobs to submit to him, and her struggle against his actions becomes one of Jacobs means of strength and defiance. Another means of strength for Jacobs is her grandmother Molly Horniblow. This woman, who is a freed slave, wants nothing more than to see whats left of her family free to live a life in which they deserve as human beings. Unfortunately she has no right to tell a white slave owner what to do, but throughout the book, she makes her feelings known to Mr. Norcom. When Jacobs becomes pregnant by a white lawyer, Mrs. Horniblow is very disappointed at her granddaughter, but is not privy to the amount of abuse she is receiving from Norcom. Jacobs eventually has two children, and due to the laws of slaves in place, they too become property of the young daughter of Dr. Norcom who is the legal master of Jacobs. Harriet does not want her children to live their life under the fist of another and concocts a plan in which to free her children of bondage as well as herself. To be brief, Jacobs escapes from her masters home one night and over the course of many years, hides out in various locations throughout the town until the time is right to escape for good to the north. By this time both of her children have been purchased by their father, the lawyer, and are currently living in the free states to the north. Jacobs chance to escape finally comes and she is taken by ship first to Philadelphia and then to New York by way of a train. Jacobs takes a job as a nanny of sorts with a family that is sympathetic to her plight as a runaway slave. Family members from her previous master regularly travel to New York in an attempt to track her down and Mrs. Bruce as she is called in the book takes steps in order for her to remain hidden from those looking to return Jacobs to her previous life in bondage. Finally, to put this searching to an end, Mrs. Bruce offers to purchase Jacobs from her master but Jacobs refuses to have someone pay money for her. It would only reinforce her feelings of being viewed as property. Without her knowing Mrs. Bruce, employed a gentleman in New York to enter into negotiations with Mr. Dodge. At first Mr. Dodge didnt take the offer, but finally he concluded that half a loaf was better than no bread and he agreed to the proffered terms (Jacobs, 199). So Jacobs was now officially free, but still felt uneasy about having to be purchased. I had objected to having my freedom bought, yet I must confess that when it was done I felt as if a heavy load had been lifted from my weary shoulders (Jacobs, 200). Through all of the narrative, Jacobs searched for freedom and at last she had obtained it. Unfortunately blacks were still not given many of the freedoms as others and in closing there is a sense that she is not completely over her ordeal of so many years of hardship. It is interesting to note that in her book, Jacobs refers to each individual by a different name than was fact. She refers to herself as Linda Brent, grandmother as Aunt Martha as well as her children Joseph and Louisa as Benny and Ellen respectively. This use of pseudonyms is an interesting facet of Jacobss narrative. Why would she not want to reveal the names of people that had made her life so miserable? She states in the preface that she had no motive for secrecy, but felt compelled to do so anyway. It is as if she had a greater purpose of writing her story than to merely point fingers. One might say that some of the characters in her book are blank spaces to be filled in by many other slaves who experienced a similar fate only by different individuals. In this way Jacobs is trying to tell a story not just of her life, but of the lives of so many that came before her and those who were still bound in shackles. Harriet Jacobs life in slavery can be described as trying. The descriptions she gives of the life she lived makes it hard to imagine how one group of people could sleep at night knowing of the distress and hardship they were placing upon another group of individuals. What is interesting about Jacobs account is the perspective in which she brings to the issue of treatment of slaves at the time. Even though she was not subject to the normal punishment we most often relate to slaves in the south; hard labor, whippings, etc, she tells of another more emotional torment that was placed upon her by the same inhuman system. Jacobs repeatedly describes the harassment she receives from Dr. Norcom. He is constantly trying to get her to submit to his sexual desires. At this time in the south, it was very common for slave owners to impregnate their property as they are commonly referred to. This practice not only fulfilled the masters sexual desires, but it also brought him more wealth from the increase in his slave population. Due to the harsh nature of the demands placed on slaves, replenishing the amount of slaves he had on hand was vitally important. Increasing the amount of slaves one owned was easier to due by just sleeping with female slaves than purchasing more. If the child lived long enough to reach a certain age, they could be sent into the fields to work, or could be sold to repay debts. And even though the father was a free man, the children took the legal status of the mother and so also became property of the father. In Jacobss case, the father of her children was inclined to see that the young ones not be subject to the slavery system. He ultimately sent them to the north and tried to purchase Jacobs as well. It was a rare situation in which the father had nothing financially to benefit from his actions, but was simply doing what others refused to do. And that was treating fellow human beings as human beings. Jacobs tale of toil and hardship makes one thankful for the freedom that we so often take for granted. Her story speaks of the good and bad of human nature and forces us to think about the times in our countys past that most would like to forget. It also tells of the spirit to live and to be free when it seems as if every step you take might be your last. The fight of good vs. evil is something that might never go away and Jacobs narrative is only one slice of a struggle that has been around since the dawn of man, yet it reminds us not to forget those that have struggled for ideals that seem so common place in todays world.

Business Research Applications Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Research Applications Paper - Essay Example Research happens to be an integral part of any science and medicine related company. Merck & Co., Inc. is also a global research-driven pharmaceutical company. Established in 1891, Merck discovers, develops, manufactures and markets vaccines and medicines to address unmet medical needs. The stated mission1 of Merck is, "To provide society with superior products and services by developing innovations and solutions that improve the quality of life and satisfy customer needs, and to provide employees with meaningful work and advancement opportunities, and investors with a superior rate of return." With this mission the company has been carrying on the producing medicines for different needs. Core values with which the company operates its business are; v. Recognizing that the ability to excel -- to most competitively meet society's and customers' needs -- depends on the integrity, knowledge, imagination, skill, diversity and teamwork of company's employees. Company has affirmed its respect to these qualities and how it values these qualities most highly. Traditionally 'maximizing' profits has been considered to be the objective of any organization. Not any more.This criteria has been discarded. Now organizations are supposed to have multiple objectives, monetary as well as non-monetary. There are short-term objectives as well as long-term ones. Research is an important tool for long term objective strategies. It helps in value creation as well. Value addition is one of the best strategies to take on the competitors. The term "value" can be defined in different ways according to the adopted perspective of the analysis: it is possible to determine a "customer value", a "firm value", a "stakeholder value" (Mele and Colurci, 2006). Research Activities at Merck Merck has a shown its commitment to research and developmental activities. For example the company invested $4.8 billion towards Research and development investment in the year 2006. In a pioneering effort Merck has associated itself with HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), an international collaboration of scientists and institutions sharing all their trials and results in the field of aids medicine. This network is actively pursuing the research headed towards discovering a medicine for Aids. This network shares trial results of researches being carried out by different companies and scientist organisations. The HVTN also facilitates parallel and concurrent testing of the effects of new experiments and medicines. The HVTN is a unique hybrid combining the depth and diversity of the academic community and the flexibility of a commercial drug company like Merck. Working with industry and government, the HVTN seeks to expedite and coordinate the trial process, advancing vaccine candidat es and building a body of knowledge about HIV vaccine trials. This network is the most ambitious one in the industry with

Strategic Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Strategic Marketing Management - Essay Example It is irrefutable that the business arena is evolving into a hypercompetitive environment characterised by the continuous by more intense rivalry among industry players associated with the growth of buyer leverage (Kotler 2002). This trend forces business organizations to rethink their strategies in order to compete more efficiently and more profitably. On the other hand, these developments in the market also present opportunities for business organizations especially in the way they market their products and services to their specific target markets. In order to choose the strategic path that a company should take, it should first identify the strategic marketing options available for it (Kotler 2002). The identification of strategic marketing options is aided through the use of different strategic management tools. Strategic management tools are essential instruments for managers and decision makers. The use of these tools does not only provide a diagnosis for the business organization but prescribe solutions and strategic responses as well (Thomson 2002). This report will look at the different strategic management tools used by business organizations in order to identify the feasible and available strategic marketing options. The first section will focus on the Ansoff Matrix and how it can be used to evaluate the strategic directions that the company can take. The second part will look at the other analytical tools and techniques which can be employed to develop marketing alternative marketing strategies. This paper will conclude with its findings. The Ansoff’s Matrixis is a tool in strategic management which is utilised in order to aid managers in deciding the product and market growth strategy of a business organization. After its publication in the Harvard Business Review in 1957 in an article entitled, ‘Strategies for Diversification,’ this strategic management tool has gained wide popularity and recognition in the marketing world.

Public Law assignment Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public Law assignment - Scholarship Essay Example % PIECE YOU HAVE EVALUATED: Mark TITLE Gordon Brown's Commons statement on reform of the constitution. AUTHOR Gordon Brown REFERENCE (citation) Carroll, a, Constitutional and Administrative Law (4b ed),London Pearson, Longman.2007 APPLICATION OF THE COCOA MODEL Coverage: The speech addresses the issue of the powers exercised by the Prime Minister and the Executive in the name of the monarchy without the people and their elected representatives being consulted. Objectivity: The piece represents one point of view that Prime minister and executive retain more powers and constitutional change is needed. Currency: The speech was made in 2007 after the Prime Minister Gordon Brown took office in 27 June 2007. Organization: The speech took place in the House of Commons. Authorship: The Author is the Prime Minister and leader of the Labour Party. POSITION OF THE AUTHOR The position of the Author as a Prime Minister and Leader of the Labour Party explains why he claims for new British constitutional settlement that entrusts more power to Parliament and the British people. CLAIMS made by the author and EVIDENCE provided (adjust numbering and space for this section as needed according to your chosen piece) Claim 1: The executive retain more power over the parliament Evidence: The government has the power to request the dissolution of Parliament and the power to restrict Parliamentary oversight of the intelligence services Comment: These powers exercised by the executive are great evidence on its over-mighty authority. Gordon Brown proposed that the House of Commons would have to approve a resolution for any dissolution of Parliament requested by the Prime Minister. Claim 2: The executive controls over the judiciary... 2. a brief summary of how the COCOA model works in relation to the piece (COVERAGE, OBJECTIVITY, CURRENCY, ORGANISATION and AUTHORSHIP) - see InfoSkills section 3 for more information on the COCOA model. (15 marks) This task contributes 5 per cent of your overall assessment for Legal Technique and Reasoning and there is therefore no individual pass-mark for this element (the overall passmark for LTR is 40 per cent). Coverage: The speech addresses the issue of the powers exercised by the Prime Minister and the Executive in the name of the monarchy without the people and their elected representatives being consulted. The position of the Author as a Prime Minister and Leader of the Labour Party explains why he claims for new British constitutional settlement that entrusts more power to Parliament and the British people. These powers exercised by the executive are great evidence on its over-mighty authority. Gordon Brown proposed that the House of Commons would have to approve a resolution for any dissolution of Parliament requested by the Prime Minister. Comment: Regarding this Gordon Brown proposed to start the debate and consult on empowering citizens and communities. Moreover to reinforce the neutrality of the civil service, the core principles governing it should be legislated by Parliament. That's why Brown assures that The Church of England is, and should remain, the established church in England.

Evaluating Eligibility Rules Essay Example for Free

Evaluating Eligibility Rules Essay In determining which eligibility rules can be associated with the Lakeland Police Department, it the objectives of such institution must be looked into before going through the details in which such rules apply. The institution provides public and security measures to the community it holds. They promote the welfare of the people around them under the parameters mandated by the law in the creation of such institution. With this, the eligibility rules that the agency uses revolves around the (1) eligibility by administrative rule and regulation, (2) eligibility by administrative discretion and (3) eligibility by judicial decision. To understand whether the eligibility rules advocated by the agency promotes a stigmatization, trade-offs or off-target benefits, each rule must be looked into in accordance to the application of such within the Lakeland Police Department. The eligibility by administrative rule and regulations creates â€Å"an advantage to client beneficiaries because it gives social workers and other human service staff members a means by which to administer the benefit or service program evenhandedly and reliably, so that people similarly situated are given similar benefits. (Chambers and Wedal, 2005, p. 112) This rule can be seen to create trade-offs within the system of Lakeland Police Department. Trade-offs is evident because of the situational circumstances in which this rule can be applied to citizens within the district. There are implications of such applications in the way the police department addresses the people. â€Å"On the other hand, administrative rules restrict the freedom of staff members to use their discretion that is to judge need for the benefit or service in individual circumstances. (Chambers and Wedal, 2005, p. 112) The next thing is the eligibility by administrative discretion. This discretion sees to it that all particular concerns within a system need to be addressed by the agency. â€Å"All general organizational policies and administrative rules must be interpreted and applied to individual situations, so it is important to understand that such interpretation and applications necessarily involve significant personal judgment on the part of the staff member. † (Chambers and Wedal, 2005, p. 14) With this, it can be seen that there is a stigmatization of benefits among members of the community handled by the Lakeland Police Department. Their capability to address situations of its citizens particularly concerning their welfare in accordance to the law and mandates of the city can clearly be seen. This creates benefits among locals on the assurance that their welfare is protected by the agency. Lastly, is the eligibility of judicial decision. This rule can also be seen as applicable to the Lakeland Police Department. After a program has been in operation for a period of time, it is very likely that a contention will arise about whether the enabling legislation or whether an administrative rule or discretionary judgment was faithful to the spirit and intention of the law under which the program or policy was established. † (Chambers and Wedal, 2005, p. 115) It can be seen that this categorization creates an important part of the Lakeland Police Academy. This creates a stigmatization of benefits among local citizenry. It may be true that the agency can exercise administrative discretion, however issues may arise between the proper execution and application of such initiative among members of the community. This rule seeks to create a check-and-balance among the members of the police force. It is true that the objectives are in-line with the rules and mandates of the law, however, the actual practice remains to be on the part of local enforcers and policeman. This creates a subjective interpretation of actions by enforcers that more often than not leads to judicial contention. Appeals to the judiciary for clarification of the law are routine and in the end they can become as important as the legislation or administrative rules themselves. † (Chambers and Wedal, 2005, p. 115) To determine whether there are weak rules in the system of Lakeland Police Department, the three eligibility rules again must be looked into. On the eligibility by administrative rule and regulation, there exists a problematic issue on how to effectively distinguish what are the different parameters for such actions. The agency may have difficulty in promoting the necessary measures present if such issue persists. â€Å"Therefore, it is important to know whether a certain entitlement rule originates with judicial decisions, administrative rule, or individual staff discretion, for on that fact depends the probability of change – staff decisions certainly are changed more easily than are formal rules and statutes. † (Chambers and Wedal, 2005, p. 112) On the other hand, the two other eligibility rules are described to be minimal in problems. This is due to their ability to sink within the system and serve as both a check-and-balance among local authorities under the Lakewood Police Department and an initiative to further create changes that the department needs to address the changing needs of the future. Eligibility rules are characterized to create a foundation for actions by people. In the case of Lakewood Police Department, it seeks to cater the needs of the locals in promoting security and their welfare. In the issue of such eligibility rules being fair, it can be argued that they are indeed fair overall since it is based from the mandate of laws and legislation. The only issue here is the actual application of such rules by people who supposed to be fit for the description. Sometimes, there is a subjective interpretation of how such rules can be applied. This creates the sense of disparity of opinions and practices to both local and enforcers of such rules. On the other hand, tackling the issue of sufficiency, yes, it can be argued that the rules applied during that time are sufficient to address the current need of the locals. However, it may not be the case in the future as new issues and challenges arise within the new system. That is why, changes in the system and rules are needed to further pursue the interests of people. For one, rules are and regulations are meant for the people to ensure their security and welfare within the community.

Royal Caribbean And International Travel Tourism Essay

Royal Caribbean And International Travel Tourism Essay The travel industry provides many positive aspects into leisure vacationing. It offers the ability to enhance ones self knowledge. A more cultural diverse knowledge will also broaden business choices. International travel has impacted businesses worldwide. Executives and employees increase their knowledge with different cultures, legalities and politics. This gained knowledge improves the corporations structure with financial, marketing, sales, management practices in addition to personal fulfillment. The cruise industry fits perfectly into this way of enhancement. Leisure travel and cruising has impacted many different economies, such as the United States and abroad. They do so by integrating and expanding regional markets, sales, supply, and demand across the globe. Purpose of Study This papers purpose is to explain the benefits of travel and the cruise industry in a corporate infrastructure. Royal Caribbean, the cruise industry and other travel methods will show how and why corporate executives choose to incorporate leisure into business. Some limitations of study would be the lack of knowledge and experience in managing an entire corporation in the United States or internationally. Also, the travel industry and cruise lines main focus is offering consumer vacations primarily to United States citizens. Only in the recent two decades have they embarked on becoming more globalized. Definition of Terms Terminology within this paper will be of common knowledge and common sense. Any unusual terms used will be explained in the section it resides. Review of Literature Organization of the cruise industry Annual cruise reviews from the Passenger Shipping Association (PSA), announced the cruise industry will grow after prior years of economic slowdown. Despite the slumping economy, Royal Caribbean has continued to expand its fleets, introduce new port of calls (stops and ship destinations) and itineraries. In addition to American growth, international growth has also been reported. The United Kingdom is expected to double its passengers in 2010. The increase in passengers is attributed to Royal Caribbean, Holland America, MSC and Maritime Voyages (Griffiths, 2010, p. 10). Since the late 1980s the United States accounts for two-thirds of the global cruise market. Also, Europeans and Asians are quickly capturing shares in this growing industry. This is shown by Royal Caribbeans global expansion strategy by easing ships into Asia. Since 2009, Asian passengers increased to one million due to the rise of the middle class. Royal Caribbeans expansion strategy has left a footprint for other cruise lines to follow. Adam Goldstien, President of Royal Caribbean acknowledges his job is to lead a brand that delivers the Wow! (Kolesnikov-Jessup, 2008, p. 12). Strategy and organizational architecture Strategic planning often involves working with the National Tourism Organization (NTO). Although it has been argued that the NTOs of different countries describe strategic planning as an overall government strategy its mission is to research, develop and promote tourism on an economic level. NTOs help organizations in several aspects such as improving organizational levels, management, and performance to provide the needs of the organization, the industry and itself (Soteriou and Roberts, 1998, p. 21). Different models of plan of action are used depending on the industry, economic environment and organizational needs. Royal Caribbean uses the most common type, known as the normative model. This strategy requires a proactive view in establishing and achieving goals, such as to observe environments and economic conditions, assess internal capabilities, and research and development (Soteriou and Roberts, 1998, p. 21). This proactive view consists of restructuring the organization. There are several factors that affect the organizations operations. These factors include, control systems, incentives, organizational culture, processes, and people. This is referred to as organizational architecture of a company. These five factors are divided into subunits often called product divisions, national operations and functions. These divisions provide the ability to improve on executive decision-making, integration of teams domestically and internationally, and the coordination of processes and activities. Processes are the method of how decisions are agreed upon and approved (Hill, 2009, p. 451). Internal capability Royal Caribbeans level of competency is a major determinant on whether the NTOs normative model will be successful. Some factors of competency are whether management understands the commitment to the past, present and future development of the organization. Other factors are time management, the ability to deal with disruptive crises, manage disruptions and the desire to focus on what is important to the organization (Soteriou and Roberts, 1998, p. 21). Royal Caribbean and the NTOs main focus are to become more globalized. Decisions on how to perform and achieve the ultimate goal is important. Most of the critical issues are centralized to hierarchy executives at the main headquarters in Miami, Florida. For example, strategic and financial decisions are primarily the responsibility of the President and board of directors. These major company changes and objectives need to be kept consistent, avoid cultural problems, and poorly repeated activities (Hill, 2009, pp. 451-452). International local offices have more of decentralized decision-making capabilities. Local offices in Italy, Germany, United Kingdom, Brazil, Spain, Australia and Singapore have better flexibility, control and professional freedom. For example, if there are employee, entertainment, ship safety and maintenance issues with ships in the Australia region, that local office has the ability to make quicker decisions in resolving problems (Hill, 2009, p. 453). Globalization of the cruise industry Globalization is important for most organizations to expand through the ever-changing world of technology. Over twenty years ago cruise ships were exclusively available to travelers of the United States. Royal Caribbean, the second largest cruise line behind Carnival Cruise foresaw globalization as a way to help lead the industry into the millennium (Griffiths, 2010). Significant changes and benefits have spanned over-seas. New emerging market industries have appeared in some European countries such as Germany and Italy. Royal Caribbean and other large cruise lines have invested time and money into these countries to utilize their prime locations and joint ventures for ship building. While Royal Caribbean expands their fleets, they are also helping to improve economies. Improvements can be seen in providing employment and wages to drawing attention to the European nations through tourism (WTTC, IFTO, IHRA, ICCL, 2002, p. 45). According to MaryAnne Howland of Black Enterprises, globalization encompasses mixing business with leisure. Whether your single or have a family, business trips do not require suffering through boring hotel stays and horrible food. With the ease of internet access, making reservations for the next business trip can also be you and your familys next mini-vacation (2004, p. 125). In addition to having quality time to yourself and saving costs to the company or client, business trips can now involve family, education and the chance to broaden your cultural diversity. Royal Caribbean and other cruise lines offer exactly this-with ports all over the world, amenities and activities for all age groups. While the family is enjoying themselves, conferences and meetings can be conducted with minimal interruptions with a more refreshed attitude. Globalization also provides more opportunities in obtaining new contracts, prospects, and clients enabling positive memorable first impressions with personal meetings (Mancini, 2004, p. 15). Although obtaining flights and hotels all over the world are the primary choice of conducting business and gathering new prospects and clients, cruising has offered a different option. For most executives, being away from the family and children is the first sacrifice when building an organization. Business trips can often span over several weeks of time especially when traveling overseas. Some business dealings are conducted via the internet and conference calls, but nothing makes a better impression than in-person meetings when closing the deal. This aspect proves why it is undeniable the ease of flights and hotels as a primary choice of conducting travel. With all success comes sacrifice and in most instances it is the personal lives of family that carries that burden. This inevitably creates stress for the executive in addition to the family dynamic. Stress not only affects the family dynamic, but will also transfer into the workplace. This is where Royal Caribbean comes into the picture. They provide a choice of combining work and pleasure. The family no longer has to always sacrifice personal happiness and growth for the sake of better careers and higher incomes. It is true, families can fly to worldly destinations on business trips, but unless they are familiar with the country, location and culture most often they are stuck in the hotel. With Royal Caribbean and other cruise lines, this is no longer a problem. Safety is their number one priority in addition to reaching the different age groups of providing fun and entertainment. Everything is inclusive, from staterooms (sleeping quarters), food, pools, gyms, daycare to bars, casinos and shopping (Mancini, 2004). Regional economic impact on global economies The United States and international economies are in dire need of recovery. According to the Travel Trade Gazette business travel is on the rise and will be an important factor in repairing global economies. Corporations such as Royal Caribbean and Carnival Cruise among other large companies are trying to achieve that competitive edge. A survey recently revealed that approximately seventy-nine percent of organizations prefer a more personal approach in conducting business. Eighty-nine percent of business executives believe face-to-face interaction is crucial to finalize the deal. It is essential for executives to visit and personally interact with people and analyze new market industries, especially in a recession (Travel Trade Gazette, 2010, p. 11). The cruise industry has impacted many different economies in addition to the United States. The most well known areas are Mexico, Alaskan, Hawaiian, Bahamian and Caribbean locations. More recently a new trend has emerged. Several countries offer unexplored and untouched regions. Despite pirate-infested waters, Royal Caribbean among other larger cruise lines is adding new routes to their itineraries. Some itineraries include Asia to Europe, South and West Africa, Australia, Mediteranian and Singapore to Rome. Each different port offers several offshore excursions. These lesser-explored areas create excitement to the consumer. For example, Africa currently offers heritage tours remembering past slave trades. National parks, exquisite beaches, chimpanzee and hippopotamus sanctuaries are only a few of the choices consumers have, while cruising with Royal Caribbean and other cruise lines. These underdeveloped, international areas have increased in revenue because of the cruise industry r evenue from tourism that would not have normally been accessible other than by air (Jainchill, 2010, np). Despite recent port additions Royal Caribbean felt the hard reality of three key factors in the early 1990s. These three factors affected most of the cruise industry; the war in the Middle East, the United States recession and increased costs of supply, primarily fuel. Glenn Withiam of Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administrations cited from analyst Arthur Little that the United States recession was affecting the cruise industry, tourism and international economies worse than the war (1992, p. 1). Although the early 1990s looked bleak, four encouraging factors were offering a positive outlook leading up to the year 2010. The four factors were; the consumers continued interest in adventure and cultural diversity, the cruise industries earned reputation from word of mouth of having the best customer satisfaction, decreasing production schedules on fleet expansions and cost control because newer ships run more efficiently. Other interrelated lesser, encouraging factors will continue to be higher air fares, more conservative lending institutions and the slowing of supply due to space constraints in shipyards (Withiam, 1992, p. 9). Cultural diversity and impact Royal Caribbean offers luxury and lavish attention which can be enjoyed by vacationers and executives on business trips. Cruise ships offer interesting and exciting destinations and an excellent way to visit several different geographic areas in a short period of time. In addition to meeting new prospects on port-of-calls, cruise ships have the most cultural diversity within its passengers (Magic at sea: The cruise industry, 2005). When vacationing or conducting business on or off the ship, it is important to be aware of different societies and their shared values and norms. The last thing desired is to offend societies or possible new customers or business partners (Hill, 2009, p. 89). Religion and ethical systems (or moral principles) play a large part in shaping cultures (p. 96). Royal Caribbean embraces cultural diversity. They believe in employing a well rounded workforce and inspiring other cruise lines to adopt the same way of thinking. They often choose to employ people from the different country and island destinations that are on the itineraries. Employing people from local cultures exposes passengers and fellow employees to new learning experiences (Our Company, 2010). According to the International Council of Cruise Lines (ICCL) the cruise industry employs about eighty five to ninety percent of people from international countries. As Royal Caribbean is providing new cultural experiences for everyone onboard, these international or local workers are gaining financial independence, personal autonomy, economic, social and cultural equality. Extensive training and education required for all company personnel provides a sense of pride and empowerment not otherwise gained in the country of origin (WTTC, IFTO, IHRA, ICCL, 2002, p. 48). In addition to providing a more diverse environment on ships, it has been proven that cultural dining and entertainment is exciting to consumers. For example, employing European, Japanese and Mexican chefs offer the chance to taste the very best cuisine that would normally be available only in four-star restaurants and hotels. Foreign entertainment coordinators also provide unique experiences in traditional and exotic shows. Cultures are never constant and are always changing through the decades thus providing an endless array of different styles of entertainers and entertainment (Our Company, 2010). Discussion Review of Findings Royal Caribbean has helped lead industries into a new way of vacationing and business travel. Their global expansion strategy, positive impact on the United States, international economies and cultural diversity has been noticed by many different industries and corporations worldwide. Smaller cruise lines have also noticed how globalization has affected the market. Unfortunately due to their lack of capital, fleets (numerous ships) and vision they are unable to effectively compete with the large corporations like Royal Caribbean. These smaller organizations are primarily localized in small city-limit areas and are often privately owned and operated. These limitations keep them from expanding. Working with the NTO, Royal Caribbean has improved on several internal levels of the organization such as, management and performance. Their strategy focuses on a proactive view when making decisions in regards to company goals, research, development and internal capabilities. Although determinants sometimes exist such as lack of competency, commitment and conflict management skills, most of these abilities can be learned through experience, proper training and role models. Globalization has been a key part of the cruise industrys success in the last three decades. Creating new itineraries and new foreign relations has helped Royal Caribbean and their leading competitor Carnival Cruise to expand their fleets and improve the United States and international economies. To keep a competitive edge on industry markets, executives from all over the globe have the choice to utilize cruise ships to achieve a more personalized first impression to confirm and close the sales deal. Nearly ninety percent of organizations prefer a personalized method. Royal Caribbean and the cruise industry continually strive to improve different economies, increase supply, demand, and boost revenue to countries that would not normally obtain the benefits of tourism. Interpretation/Analysis of Findings Economic slowdown will continue to occur in the future. This affects all economies and markets, including the travel and cruise industry. Since the conception of Royal Caribbean in the 1970s, they showed ambition and promise for a bright future. In the 1980s Royal Caribbean among other large cruise industries accounted for two-thirds of the globalized cruise market, even though this ratio had not yet included the growing interest in European and Asian countries. The National Tourism Organization appears to be of great help to large corporations trying to break into globalization. Their strategic planning and general know-how seems to be having an overall positive effect for Royal Caribbean. Their internal levels of; management, research, development and financial restructuring has helped them lead the industry and influence other corporations. Their market strategy, entrepreneurial spirit and NTO support helps guide them. Strategy changes such as their target market of GenerationX and Baby Boomer age groups, adopting new accounting methods, and implementing new financial practices like the Dupont system of analysis (Block, S., Hirt, G., Danielsen, B., 2009), has proven to be successful and going in the right direction. Although, snapshots of their stock fluctuates and is currently showing a slight drop of .07% according to the Wall Street Journal (Company Research: RCL Stock Quote, 2010), internal organizational changes to become more globalized has increased their asset turnover and return on assets in addition to their enthusiasm (Block et al, 2009). Their belief in cultural diversity within the workforce has created wonderful experiences for vacationers and executives alike. Providing a more diverse environment has proven to be successful in maintaining the excitement of consumers. Exotic entertainment and destinations, to four-star dining experiences has set Royal Caribbean apart from the average cruise line. The goal of creating that Wow! factor appears to be working. Summary and Conclusions Royal Caribbean will continue to grow, as they have for the past four decades. Keeping a competitive edge and continuing to strive for more globalization while being proactive in decision making will ensure their successful existence in the cruise industry for years to come. Although the National Tourism Organizations strategy planning is considered a government plan by most countries, they have significantly helped Royal Caribbean and the travel industry in becoming more globalized. Working with the NTO will also help them stay focused on the continual improvements with their internal levels and capability of the organization. Globalization is the key to Royal Caribbeans success. Although they probably would have continued to stay in business it would have been at a smaller scale. Their expansion into European countries is what has cemented their legacy in the new millennium. Building local offices in countries like Italy and Australia, in addition to ship-manufacturing joint ventures in areas such as Finland, Germany and France has improved cultural diversity, increased fleets and intensified economies with employment, wages and tourism. Royal Caribbean has also provided another choice for executives to mix business and the family dynamic. In this dire need of economic recovery, the executives or owners of other companies and industries should be Royal Caribbeans next demographic to strongly focus on. Leisure travel and cruising has impacted many different economies, such as the United States and abroad by integrating and expanding regional markets, sales, supply, and demand across the globe.